ARCAA Contents & Abstracts, Volume 37, 2022

ISBN 978-0-89641-618-5
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    Female Athletes’ Foot Changes from Wearing a Foot Orthosis: A Study of Hallux Deviation, Strength, Foot Pressure, and Pain — Maitram Nguyen, Ryan Green, Edward Hebert, Charlotte Humphries, Robert Kraemer, Daniel Hollander, Bovorn Sirikul — The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a foot orthosis on balance, hallux strength, reduction in perception of pain and hallux deviation in female athletes. The study included nine dancers and fourteen soccer players who wore the foot orthosis for a span of four weeks, returning for final measurements after a week for post measures. The device was worn each night and the total hours worn were logged. We found that the use of the foot orthosis led to significant reduction in perception of pain, improvement of hallux strength and deviation, and positive redistribution of foot pressure in female athletes. These findings suggest that this foot orthosis can be used as an intervention to reduce the potential negative effects of hallux valgus. Key Words:  hallux deviation, foot orthosis, foot strength, foot pressure distribution, pain reduction (1-22)

  • The Physiological and Psychological Effects of Pickle Juice on Female Soccer Players in a Hot and Humid Environment — Megan F. Lee, Edward P. Hebert, Ryan M. Green, Samantha M. Mesina, Tijana Sismovic, Bovorn Sirikul — Pickle juice is widely used by athletes for muscle cramps and recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pickle juice on core temperature (CT), heart rate (HR), movement economy, RPE, thermal sensation, and cognition during an exercise session simulating a soccer game in a hot and humid environment. 14 female soccer players (age=22.3+4.27y, body fat percentage=25.2+6.38%, VO2 max=43.7+5.78 ml/kg/min) completed two counterbalanced sessions on a treadmill in a heat chamber (WBGT=31.2oC, & humidity=80-85%) during which they consumed water only versus pickle juice and water. HR and movement economy (oxygen consumption) were similar during sessions while core temperature was lower during the water-only trial. During the pickle juice trial, RPE was significantly lower and cognitive function was higher. Data indicates that pickle juice supplementation may reduce perception of exercise intensity and enhance cognitive function in hot environments but may cause a relatively small rise in core temperature. Key Words: sport performance, movement economy, hydration, soccer, cognition, heat (23-51)

  • Sport Psychology Services for Female Youth Athletes Using the Five Stage PST Model during COVID 19 — Iris Orbach, Boris Blumenstein — The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the effectiveness and usefulness of the new "Five-Stage PST Model" for a youth basketball team and female youth basketball players before and during the COVID 19 period. Twelve female basketball players (aged 16–18) participated in this study. A general framework, together with a description of specific psychological sessions based on the Five-Stage PST Model, are discussed. The main finding of the current study revealed that application of the model led to improved performance by the team and the individual players. In addition to working with the players, special attention was given to the coaching staff, the medical/administration staff, and parents during the COVID 19 crisis. Keywords: Five-Stage PST Model, COVID 19, female youth basketball player, psychological support (52-79)

  • A Pilot Study Addressing College Athletes’ Musical Choice in Relation to Identity, Culture, and Performance — Duke D. Biber, Daniel R. Czech, Samuel Y. Todd, Delvecchio Anthony — This current study investigated the experiences of intercollegiate athletes with hip-hop music. Collecting data from athletes that utilize hip-hop music could help to increase the knowledge of the sport psychology consultant in a realm few have ventured thus far and improve communication between the potential hip-hop client and consultant. Six co-participants, all current NCAA Division I athletes from a southeastern university, participating in softball, basketball, football, and diving were interviewed using an existential phenomenological approach. Five themes were identified after analysis of the data (Identity, Arousal, Performance, Aggression, and Cohesion). Results are discussed in relation to current research and both practical and research recommendations are considered. Keywords: Music, Phenomenology, Hip-Hip, Sport, Millennial (80-108)

  • Elite Endurance Athletes’ Perceptions of the Value of Nutrition — Robin Hardin, Emily Johnson, Lauren Antle — Nutrition for endurance athletes is imperative due to high-energy needs for training and competition. Utilizing a registered dietitian (RD) is important to support these needs, however, there has been limited research on the value endurance athletes place on nutritional guidance. There seems to be an indication that knowledge about nutrition in endurance sport is lacking amongst athletes. This study aimed to build upon the research pertaining to the nutritional habits among elite endurance athletes, while also examining the perceived importance of an RD. Two primary themes were prevalent: (a) individual nutritional practices and (b) reluctance to seek professional guidance. Despite acknowledging the importance of nutrition, many participants demonstrated reluctance toward seeking guidance from an RD. Education must continue to deepen the understanding of the diverse roles of an RD within an interprofessional care team. Keywords: registered dietitian, endurance sport, interprofessional care team, nutrition (100-142)

  • Why College-Aged Students Want to Coach: A Qualitative Investigation — David Barney, Corbin Stringam — Many college students majoring in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) have desires to coach a school team where they are teaching. Coaching can be a very rewarding component for these college students. Coaching a school team after school will require a serious time commitment, thus putting other aspects of the coach’s life on hold. This can affect family, friends and other personal relationships. Thus, the question is asked, “Why would anyone want to be a coach?” The purpose of this study was to investigate college students desire to become a coach. For this study, 29 college students (8 males & 21 females) were interviewed. Generally, it was learned that college students wanted to become coaches because of previous positive experiences they had with their coaches, that the college students wanted to be a positive influence in their athletes lives and they felt that being a coach was good method to pay back to the sport they loved. (143-157)

  • Undergraduate Professional Preparation and Attitudes Toward Coaching-Related Curriculum of Arkansas Varsity High School Head Coaches — Ryan O. Gray, Denise F. Baldwin, C. Dwayne Massey, Jeffrey L. Longing, V. Lynn Fox — Two hundred twelve high school varsity head coaches who coached sanctioned sports in the Arkansas Activity Association (AAA) served as subjects for this study. Participants were asked to identify selected demographic and career information, the undergraduate degree course work they completed in their undergraduate preparation programs, and those courses they currently deemed essential in their job as head coaches. Upon completion of a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, it was determined that a statistically meaningful difference existed between the two lists. When comparing the top 5 courses, two were found to be held in common between the lists (40%). When comparing the top 10 there were 6 commonalities between the rankings (60%), and when the top 15 courses were scrutinized there were 10 courses identified as being similar between the two inventories (66.66%). As it related to the grouping of courses within the study into curricular categories, those courses identified with Physical Education decreased -32 positions between the two rankings, while those courses associated with Athletic Coaching rose a total of +22 rank order positions between the two rankings. Those courses related to Exercise Science, although remaining relatively stable between the two lists, still rose a combined +7 rank positions between the two lists. Keywords: undergraduate professional preparation, physical education, athletic coaching, exercise science (158-176)

  • How Athletic Coaches Can Play a Key Role in SEL Development: A Literature Revie of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) — Catherine Zeisner, Jimmy Smith — Literature illuminates that when youth develop habits in their education that allow them to succeed, they become more likely to achieve their educational pursuits, personal accomplishments, and life journey. We propose that if formal education and athletics work together to look for creative ways to enhance students’ Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) by having access and mentoring from exceptionally skilled and trained coaches in SEL skills and strategies, the 21st century graduates and workforce may be more prepared for their future. However, with an identified coaching shortage, those who are leading student-athletes may not be formally trained teachers but community volunteers who may require support from athletic associations, school districts, and administrators. After a review of literature, the authors provide recommendations to support multiple educational stakeholders such as athletic directors, coaches, parents, and those who wish to become coaches, to develop critical understanding of student-athletes’ needs to develop social-emotional skills not only in classrooms, but in athletic arenas as well. (177-206)


    • BOOK REVIEW

  • Hockey (Mid)Night in Kentucky Reviewed by Dr. Warren K. Simpson (207)

  • A Call for Papers and Subscriptions (209-214)
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